PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.